THE NANOSTRUCTURE OF ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANES UNDER BLOOD INTOXICATION: AN ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY STUDY

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Background: The effects of toxins on nanostructure of blood cells are one of the key problems of biophysics and medicine. Erythrocyte morphology and membrane structure are recognized as the main parameters of blood quality. Therefore, analysis of membrane defects under toxin effects seems an urgent issue. Aim: To identify characteristic features and patterns of changes in membrane nanostructure under hemin intoxication and during extended storage of erythrocyte suspension. Materials and methods: The study was done in vitro in human whole blood with addition of hemin, аnd in erythrocyte suspension with a CPD blood preservative stored at 4 °С for 30 days. The nanostructure of erythrocyte membrane was assessed by atomic force microscopy. Results: Characteristic size of space periods between “granules” was from 120 to 200 nm. “Granule” numbers within a topological defect varied from 4 to 5 and to several dozens. Such domains arose virtually on all cells in erythrocyte suspension, as well as after hemin addition to the blood. An increase in hemin intoxication and an increase in a storage time were associated by increases in echinocyte numbers that subsequently transformed into spherical echinocytes. Both under hemin and during the storage of erythrocyte suspension for 9 to 12 days, a specific abnormality in nanostructure of erythrocyte membrane was observed: structural clusters, i.e., domains with granular structure, were formed. Conclusion: The experiments showed that both hemin and oxidative processes in the blood can specifically affect the nanostructure of erythrocyte membranes with formation of domains on their surface. The specific size of granular structures in the domains is from 100 to 200 nm that coincides with a  specific size of spectrin matrix. These results can be used in basic and applied medicine, in blood transfusion, for the analysis of a toxin effects in the human body. The biophysical mechanisms of domain formation can become a  basis for the study on a toxin – membrane cross-talk.

About the authors

V. A. Sergunova

V.A. Negovsky Scientific Research Institute of General Reanimatology; 25/2 Petrovka ul., Moscow, 107031, Russian Federation

Author for correspondence.
Email: orbf@mail.ru
PhD (in Biology), Senior Research Fellow, Laboratory of Biophysics of Cells Membranes in Critical States Russian Federation

A. P. Chernyaev

Lomonosov Moscow State University; 1 Leninskie gory, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation

Email: orbf@mail.ru
PhD (in Physics and Mathematics), Professor, Head of the Chair of Physics of Accelerators and Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Physics Russian Federation

A. P. Kozlov

I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University; 8/2 Trubetskaya ul., Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation

Email: orbf@mail.ru
PhD (in Physics and Mathematics), Associate Professor, Chair of Medical and Biological Physics Russian Federation

U. A. Bliznyuk

Lomonosov Moscow State University; 1 Leninskie gory, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation

Email: orbf@mail.ru
PhD (in Physics and Mathematics), Senior Lecturer, Chair of Physics of Accelerators and Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Physics Russian Federation

P. Yu. Borshchegovskaya

Lomonosov Moscow State University; 1 Leninskie gory, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation

Email: orbf@mail.ru
PhD (in Physics and Mathematics), Lecturer, Chair of Physics of Accelerators and Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Physics Russian Federation

E. K. Kozlova

V.A. Negovsky Scientific Research Institute of General Reanimatology; 25/2 Petrovka ul., Moscow, 107031, Russian Federation
Lomonosov Moscow State University; 1 Leninskie gory, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University; 8/2 Trubetskaya ul., Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation

Email: orbf@mail.ru
PhD (in Physics and Mathematics), Leading Research Fellow, Laboratory of Biophysics of Cells Membranes in Critical States1 ; Professor, Chair of Physics of Accelerators and Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Physics2 ;Professor, Chair of Medical and Biological Physics3 Russian Federation

A. M. Chernysh

V.A. Negovsky Scientific Research Institute of General Reanimatology; 25/2 Petrovka ul., Moscow, 107031, Russian Federation
I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University; 8/2 Trubetskaya ul., Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation

Email: orbf@mail.ru
PhD (in Biology), Head of Laboratory of Biophysics of Cells Membranes in Critical States1 ; Professor, Chair of Medical and Biological Physics Russian Federation

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Copyright (c) 2016 Sergunova V.A., Chernyaev A.P., Kozlov A.P., Bliznyuk U.A., Borshchegovskaya P.Y., Kozlova E.K., Chernysh A.M.

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