ANTIVIRAL THERAPY IN LIVER CIRRHOSIS

Cover Page


Cite item

Full Text

Abstract

Management of patients with liver cirrhosis due to viral hepatitis is complicated; nevertheless, effective treatment is possible in the majority of diagnosed cases. Etiotropic treatment should be initiated as soon as liver cirrhosis is diagnosed. Antiviral therapy is the only evidence-based and justified treatment approach in such patients. Use of hepatoprotectors with doubtful efficacy significantly reduces chances of recovery and increases likelihood of poor outcomes. During the choice of antiviral regimen, considerations must be given to disease etiology and stage as well as liver functional status. Generally accepted scales for staging of liver cirrhosis (e.g. Child-Turcotte-Pugh and MELD) are helpful in the choice of up-to-date therapy regimen, assessment of the disease prognosis and planning of radical interventions.

About the authors

P. O. Bogomolov

Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI); 61/2 Shchepkina ul., Moscow, 129110, Russian Federation

Email: fake@neicon.ru

MD, PhD, Head of the Hepatology Department, Consulting and Diagnostic Department, MONIKI, Head of the Moscow Regional Hepatoly Center

Russian Federation

M. V. Matsievich

Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI); 61/2 Shchepkina ul., Moscow, 129110, Russian Federation

Author for correspondence.
Email: macievich@gmail.com

MD, PhD, researcher of the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, MONIKI

Russian Federation

S. V. Koblov

Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI); 61/2 Shchepkina ul., Moscow, 129110, Russian Federation

Email: fake@neicon.ru

MD, physician-gastroenterologist of the Hepatology Department, Consulting
and Diagnostic Department, MONIKI

Russian Federation

M. Yu. Petrachenkova

Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI); 61/2 Shchepkina ul., Moscow, 129110, Russian Federation

Email: fake@neicon.ru

MD, physician-gastroenterologist of the Hepatology Department, Consulting and Diagnostic Department, MONIKI

Russian Federation

K. Yu. Kokina

Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI); 61/2 Shchepkina ul., Moscow, 129110, Russian Federation

Email: fake@neicon.ru

MD, physician-gastroenterologist of the Hepatology Department, Consulting and Diagnostic Department, MONIKI

Russian Federation

References

  1. Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K, Lim S, Shibuya K, Aboyans V, Abraham J, Adair T, Aggarwal R, Ahn SY, Alvarado M, Anderson HR, Anderson LM, Andrews KG, Atkinson C, Baddour LM, BarkerCollo S, Bartels DH, Bell ML, Benjamin EJ, Bennett D, Bhalla K, Bikbov B, Bin Abdulhak A, Birbeck G, Blyth F, Bolliger I, Boufous S, Bucello C; Memish ZA. Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet. 2012;380(9859):2095-128.
  2. Blachier M, Leleu H, Peck-Radosavljevic M, Valla DC, RoudotThoraval F. The burden of liver disease in Europe: a review of available epidemiological data. J Hepatol. 2013;58(3):593-608.
  3. Hoyert DL, Xu J. Deaths: preliminary data for 2011. Natl Vital Stat Rep. 2012;61(6):1-51.
  4. Lieber CS, Weiss DG, Groszmann R, Paronetto F, Schenker S. Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study 391 Group. II. Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study of polyenylphosphatidylcholine in alcoholic liver disease. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2003;27(11):1765-72.
  5. Chung GE, Lee JH, Kim YJ. Does antiviral therapy reduce complications of cirrhosis? World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20(23):7306-11.
  6. Fede G, D’Amico G, Arvaniti V, Tsochatzis E, Germani G, Georgiadis D, Morabito A, Burroughs AK. Renal failure and cirrhosis: a systematic review of mortality and prognosis. J Hepatol. 2012;56(4):810-8.
  7. Cholongitas E, Papatheodoridis GV, Vangeli M, Terreni N, Patch D, Burroughs AK. Systematic review: The model for end-stage liver disease – should it replace Child-Pugh’s classification for assessing prognosis in cirrhosis? Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2005;22(11- 12):1079-89.
  8. Freeman RB Jr, Wiesner RH, Harper A, McDiarmid SV, Lake J, Edwards E, Merion R, Wolfe R, Turcotte J, Teperman L. The new liver allocation system: Moving toward evidence-based transplantation policy. Liver Transpl. 2002;8(9):851-8.
  9. Boursier J, Cesbron E, Tropet AL, Pilette C. Comparison and improvement of MELD and Child-Pugh score accuracies for the prediction of 6-month mortality in cirrhotic patients. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2009;43(6):580-5.
  10. Flores-Rendón AR, González-González JA, García-Compean D, Maldonado-Garza HJ, Garza-Galindo AA. Model for end stage of liver disease (MELD) is better than the Child-Pugh score for predicting in-hospital mortality related to esophageal variceal bleeding. Ann Hepatol. 2008;7(3):230-4.
  11. Lau T, Ahmad J. Clinical applications of the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) in hepatic medicine. Hepat Med. 2013;5: 1-10.
  12. Hajarizadeh B, Grebely J, Dore GJ. Epidemiology and natural history of HCV infection. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013;10(9):553-62.
  13. Готье СВ, КонстантиновБА, ЦирульниковаОМ. Трансплантация печени. М.: Медицинское информационное агентство; 2008. (Got’e SV, Konstantinov BA, Tsirul’nikova OM. Liver transplantation. Moscow: Meditsinskoe informatsionnoe agentstvo; 2008. Russian).
  14. Kohli A, Shaffer A, Sherman A, Kottilil S. Treatment of hepatitis C: a systematic review. JAMA. 2014;312(6):631-40.
  15. Arnaud C, Trépo C, Petit MA. Predictors of the therapeutic response in hepatitis C. A 2013 update. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol. 2014;38(1):12-7.
  16. Di Marco V, Almasio PL, Ferraro D, Calvaruso V, Alaimo G, Peralta S, Di Stefano R, Craxì A. Peg-interferon alone or combined with ribavirin in HCV cirrhosis with portal hypertension: a randomized controlled trial. J Hepatol. 2007;47(4):484-91.
  17. Poordad F, Lawitz E, Reddy KR, Afdhal NH, Hézode C, Zeuzem S, Lee SS, Calleja JL, Brown RS Jr, Craxi A, Wedemeyer H, Nyberg L, Nelson DR, Rossaro L, Balart L, Morgan TR, Bacon BR, Flamm SL, Kowdley KV, Deng W, Koury KJ, Pedicone LD, Dutko FJ, Burroughs MH, Alves K, Wahl J, Brass CA, Albrecht JK, Sulkowski MS; Protocol 6086 Investigators. Effects of ribavirin dose reduction vs erythropoietin for boceprevir-related anemia in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection – a randomized trial. Gastroenterology. 2013;145(5):1035-1044.e5.
  18. Hézode C, Fontaine H, Dorival C, Zoulim F, Larrey D, Canva V, De Ledinghen V, Poynard T, Samuel D, Bourliere M, Alric L, Raabe JJ, Zarski JP, Marcellin P, Riachi G, Bernard PH, LoustaudRatti V, Chazouilleres O, Abergel A, Guyader D, Metivier S, Tran A, Di Martino V, Causse X, Dao T, Lucidarme D, Portal I, Cacoub P, Gournay J; CUPIC Study Group. Effectiveness of telaprevir or boceprevir in treatment-experienced patients with HCV genotype 1 infection and cirrhosis. Gastroenterology. 2014;147(1): 132-142.e4.
  19. Everson GT, Trotter J, Forman L, Kugelmas M, Halprin A, Fey B, Ray C. Treatment of advanced hepatitis C with a low accelerating dosage regimen of antiviral therapy. Hepatology. 2005;42(2): 255-62.
  20. Zeuzem S, Jacobson IM, Baykal T, Marinho RT, Poordad F, Bourlière M, Sulkowski MS, Wedemeyer H, Tam E, Desmond P, Jensen DM, Di Bisceglie AM, Varunok P, Hassanein T, Xiong J, PilotMatias T, DaSilva-Tillmann B, Larsen L, Podsadecki T, Bernstein B. Retreatment of HCV with ABT-450/r-ombitasvir and dasabuvir with ribavirin. N Engl J Med. 2014;370(17):1604-14.
  21. Chen YC, Chu CM, Yeh CT, Liaw YF. Natural course following the onset of cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B: a long-term follow-up study. Hepatol Int. 2007;1(1):267-73.
  22. McMahon BJ. Chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Med Clin North Am. 2014;98(1):39-54.
  23. Chen CJ, Yang HI, Iloeje UH; REVEAL-HBV Study Group. Hepatitis B virus DNA levels and outcomes in chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology. 2009;49(5 Suppl):S72-84.
  24. Lok AS, McMahon BJ. Chronic hepatitis B: update 2009. Hepatology. 2009;50(3):661-2.
  25. Shim JH, Lee HC, Kim KM, Lim YS, Chung YH, Lee YS, Suh DJ. Efficacy of entecavir in treatment-naïve patients with hepatitis B virusrelated decompensated cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 2010;52(2):176-82.
  26. Liaw YF, Sheen IS, Lee CM, Akarca US, Papatheodoridis GV, SuetHing Wong F, Chang TT, Horban A, Wang C, Kwan P, Buti M, Prieto M, Berg T, Kitrinos K, Peschell K, Mondou E, Frederick D, Rousseau F, Schiff ER. Tenofovirdisoproxilfumarate (TDF), emtricitabine/TDF, and entecavir in patients with decompensated chronic hepatitis B liver disease. Hepatology. 2011;53(1):62-72.
  27. Liaw YF, Raptopoulou-Gigi M, Cheinquer H, Sarin SK, Tanwandee T, Leung N, Peng CY, Myers RP, Brown RS Jr, Jeffers L, Tsai N, Bialkowska J, Tang S, Beebe S, Cooney E. Efficacy and safety of entecavir versus adefovir in chronic hepatitis B patients with hepatic decompensation: a randomized, open-label study. Hepatology. 2011;54(1):91-100.
  28. Lange CM, Bojunga J, Hofmann WP, Wunder K, Mihm U, Zeuzem S, Sarrazin C. Severe lactic acidosis during treatment of chronic hepatitis B with entecavir in patients with impaired liver function. Hepatology. 2009;50(6):2001-6.
  29. Peng CY, Chien RN, Liaw YF. Hepatitis B virus-related decompensated liver cirrhosis: benefits of antiviral therapy. J Hepatol. 2012;57(2):442-50.
  30. Papatheodoridis GV, Cholongitas E, Archimandritis AJ, Burroughs AK. Current management of hepatitis B virus infection before and after liver transplantation. Liver Int. 2009;29(9): 1294-305.
  31. Samuel D. Management of hepatitis B in liver transplantation patients. Semin Liver Dis. 2004;24 Suppl 1:55-62.
  32. Schiff E, Lai CL, Hadziyannis S, Neuhaus P, Terrault N, Colombo M, Tillmann H, Samuel D, Zeuzem S, Villeneuve JP, Arterburn S, Borroto-Esoda K, Brosgart C, Chuck S; Adefovir Dipivoxil Study 45 International Investigators Group. Adefovir dipivoxil for wait-listed and post-liver transplantation patients with lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B: final long-term results. Liver Transpl. 2007;13(3): 349-60.
  33. Price J. An update on hepatitis B, D, and E viruses. Top Antivir Med. 2014;21(5):157-63.
  34. Tugui L, Dumitru M, Iacob S, Gheorghe L, Preda C, Dinu I, Becheanu G, Dumbrava M, Nicolae I, Andrei A, Lupu A, Diculescu M. The efficacy of the Peginterferon treatment in chronic hepatitis HDV and compensate liver cirrhosis. Rev Med ChirSoc Med Nat Iasi. 2014;118(2):368-75.
  35. Heidrich B, Yurdaydın C, Kabaçam G, Ratsch BA, Zachou K, Bremer B, Dalekos GN, Erhardt A, Tabak F, Yalcin K, Gürel S, Zeuzem S, Cornberg M, Bock CT, Manns MP, Wedemeyer H; HIDIT-1 Study Group. Late HDV RNA relapse after peginterferon alpha-based therapy of chronic hepatitis delta. Hepatology. 2014;60(1):87-97.
  36. Heller T, Rotman Y, Koh C, Clark S, Haynes-Williams V, Chang R, McBurney R, Schmid P, Albrecht J, Kleiner DE, Ghany MG, LiangTJ, HoofnagleJH. Long-term therapy of chronic delta hepatitis with peginterferon alfa. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2014;40(1): 93-104.
  37. Farci P, Chessa L, Balestrieri C, Serra G, Lai ME. Treatment of chronic hepatitis D. J Viral Hepat. 2007;14 Suppl 1:58-63.
  38. Yurdaydın C, Idilman R, Bozkaya H, Bozdayi AM. Natural history and treatment of chronic delta hepatitis. J Viral Hepat. 2010;17(11):749-56.

Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
Action
1. JATS XML
Download

Copyright (c) 2014 Bogomolov P.O., Matsievich M.V., Koblov S.V., Petrachenkova M.Y., Kokina K.Y.

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

This website uses cookies

You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website.

About Cookies